Crematogaster

Crematogaster
Classification classique
Règne	Animalia
Embranchement	Arthropoda
Sous-embr.	Hexapoda
Classe	Insecta
Sous-classe	Pterygota
Infraclasse	Neoptera
Ordre	Hymenoptera
Sous-ordre	Apocrita
Infra-ordre	Aculeata
Super-famille	Vespoidea
Famille	Formicidæ
Sous-famille	Myrmicinæ
Tribu	Crematogastrini
Genre
Crematogaster Lund, 1831
Taxons de rang inférieur
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Crematogaster est un genre de fourmis présent sur tout le globe, qui a la caractéristique d'avoir leur abdomen en forme de cœur. ^[1]

Plusieurs espèces de fourmis, les Crematogaster mimosæ ^[2] et Crematogaster nigriceps , ^[3] vivent en idéale symbiose avec l'acacia (Acacia drepanolobium ).

Chacun y trouve son compte, l'acacia apporte un nid aux fourmis (des cavités dans de grandes épines) et de quoi s'alimenter (un délicieux nectar apporté par les nectaires extra-floraux), en échange de quoi les fourmis défendent l'arbre contres les mammifères herbivores (girafes) et autres insectes.

L'espèce de Crematogaster la plus présente en France est Crematogaster scutellaris. Vivant fréquemment dans des souches d'arbre ou arbre mort, elle prolifère aisément dans les climats chauds. Bien que la période soit longue de l'œuf à l'imago, la colonie une fois lancée se développe rapidement. Peu aimée de la population, celle-ci peut causer de sévères piqures grâce à son aiguillon.

Liste des espèces

A C. abdominalis Motschoulsky, 1863 C. aberrans Forel, 1892 C. abrupta Mann, 1919 C. abstinens Forel, 1899 C. acaciæ Forel, 1892 C. aculeata Donisthorpe, 1941 C. acuta Fabricius, 1804 C. adrepens Forel, 1897 C. ægyptiaca Mayr, 1862 C. affabilis Forel, 1907 C. afghanica Forel, 1967 C. africana Mayr, 1895 C. agnetis Forel, 1892 C. agniæ Karavaiev, 1935 C. agnita Wheeler, 1934 C. aitkenii Forel, 1902 C. algirica Lucas, 1849 C. alluaudi Emery, 1893 C. aloysiisabaudiæ Menozzi, 1930 C. alulai Emery, 1901 C. amabilis Santschi, 1911 C. amapænsis Kempf, 1960 C. ambigua Santschi, 1926 C. amita Forel, 1913 C. ampullaris Smith, 1861 C. ancipitula Forel, 1917 C. angulosa Andre, 1896 C. angusticeps Santschi, 1911 C. antaris Forel, 1894 C. anthracina Smith, 1857 C. apicalis Motschoulsky, 1878 C. arata Emery, 1906 C. arcuata Forel, 1899 C. arizonensis Wheeler, 1908 C. armandi Forel, 1921 C. arnoldi Forel, 1914 C. arœnsis Menozzi, 1935 C. arthurimuelleri Forel, 1894 C. ashmeadi Mayr, 1886 C. atitlanica Wheeler, 1936 C. atkinsoni Wheeler, 1919 C. atra Mayr, 1870 C. auberti Emery, 1869 C. augusti Emery, 1895 C. aurita Karavaiev, 1935 C. australis Mayr, 1876 B C. baduvi Forel, 1912 C. bakeri Menozzi, 1925 C. barbouri Weber, 1934 C. batesi Forel, 1911 C. bequærti Forel, 1913 C. betapicalis Smith, 1995 C. bicolor Smith, 1860 C. biformis Andre, 1892 C. binghamii Forel, 1904 C. bingo Forel, 1908 C. biroi Mayr, 1897 C. bison Forel, 1913 C. bœra Ruzsky, 1926 C. bogojawlenskii Ruzsky, 1905 C. boliviana Wheeler, 1922 C. limiteensis Andre, 1896 C. brasiliensis Mayr, 1878 C. brevimandibularis Donisthorpe, 1943 C. brevis Emery, 1887 C. brevispinosa Mayr, 1870 C. breviventris Santschi, 1920 C. browni Buren, 1968 C. bruchi Forel, 1912 C. brunnea Smith, 1857 C. brunneipennis Andre, 1890 C. brunnescens Motschoulsky, 1863 C. buchneri Forel, 1894 C. buddhæ Forel, 1902 C. butteli Forel, 1913 C C. californica Wheeler, 1919 C. capensis Mayr, 1862 C. captiosa Forel, 1911 C. carinata Mayr, 1862 C. castanea Smith, 1858 C. censor Forel, 1910 C. cephalotes Smith, 1857 C. cerasi Fitch, 1855 C. chiarinii Emery, 1881 C. chlorotica Emery, 1899 C. chopardi Bernard, 1950 C. chungi Brown, 1949 C. cicatriculosa Roger, 1863 C. clariventris Mayr, 1895 C. clydia Forel, 1912 C. coarctata Mayr, 1870 C. cœlestis Santschi, 1911 C. colei Buren, 1968 C. concava Emery, 1899 C. constructor Emery, 1895 C. coriaria Mayr, 1872 C. cornigera Forel, 1902 C. cornuta Crawley, 1924 C. corporaali Santschi, 1928 C. corticicola Mayr, 1887 C. corvina Mayr, 1870 C. crassicornis Emery, 1893 C. crinosa Mayr, 1862 C. cristata Santschi, 1929 C. curvispinosa Mayr, 1862 C. cuvieræ Donisthorpe, 1945 C. cylindriceps Wheeler, 1927 D C. dahlii Forel, 1901 C. daisyi Forel, 1901 C. dalyi Forel, 1902 C. decamera Forel, 1910 C. degeeri Forel, 1886 C. delagœnsis Forel, 1894 C. delitescens Wheeler, 1921 C. dentinodis Forel, 1901 C. depilis Wheeler, 1919 C. depressa (Latreille, 1802) C. descarpentriesi Santschi, 1928 C. descolei Kusnezov, 1949 C. desecta Forel, 1911 C. desperans Forel, 1914 C. difformis Smith, 1857 C. diffusa (Jerdon, 1851) C. dispar Forel, 1902 C. distans Mayr, 1870 C. dohrni Mayr, 1879 C. dolens Forel, 1910 C. donisthorpei Santschi, 1934 C. dorsidens Santschi, 1925 C. dubia Karavaiev, 1935 E C. ebenina Forel, 1902 C. edentula Santschi, 1914 C. egidyi Forel, 1903 C. egregior Forel, 1912 C. elegans Smith, 1859 C. elysii Mann, 1919 C. emeryana Creighton, 1950 C. emeryi Forel, 1907 C. emmæ Forel, 1891 C. enneamera Emery, 1900 C. ensifera Forel, 1910 C. erecta Mayr, 1866 C. esterelana (Bernard, 1978) C. eurydice Forel, 1915 C. euterpe Santschi, 1922 C. evallans Forel, 1907 C. excisa Mayr, 1895

F-G-H-I C. ferrarii Emery, 1888 C. flavicornis Emery, 1897 C. flavitarsis Emery, 1900 C. foraminiceps Santschi, 1913 C. formosa Mayr, 1870 C. foxi Mann, 1919 C. fraxatrix Forel, 1911 C. fritzi Emery, 1901 C. frivola Forel, 1902 C. fruhstorferi Emery, 1901 C. fuentei Menozzi, 1922 C. fulmeki Forel, 1922 C. fusca Mayr, 1876 C. gabonensis Emery, 1899 C. gallicola Forel, 1894 C. gambiensis Andre, 1889 C. gavapiga Menozzi, 1935 C. gerstæckeri Dalla Torre, 1892 C. gibba Emery, 1894 C. gratiosa Santschi, 1926 C. grevei Forel, 1891 C. gutenbergi Santschi, 1914 C. heathi Mann, 1916 C. hemiceros Santschi, 1926 C. hespera Buren, 1968 C. hezaradjatica Pisarski, 1967 C. himalayana Forel, 1902 C. hogsoni Forel, 1902 C. homeri Forel, 1913 C. hottentota Emery, 1899 C. hova Forel, 1887 C. huberi Forel, 1907 C. iheringi Forel, 1908 C. ilgii Forel, 1910 C. impressa Emery, 1899 C. impressiceps Mayr, 1902 C. inca Wheeler, 1925 C. inconspicua Mayr, 1896 C. incorrecta Santschi, 1917 C. indefensa Kempf, 1968 C. inermis Mayr, 1862 C. inflata Smith, 1857 C. innocens Forel, 1911 C. inops Forel, 1892 C. insularis Smith, 1859 C. ionia Forel, 1911 C. iridipennis Smith, 1865 C. irritabilis Smith, 1860 C. isolata Buren, 1968 J-K-L C. jacobsoni Forel, 1911 C. javanica Menozzi, 1935 C. jeanneli Santschi, 1914 C. jehovæ Forel, 1907 C. jullieni Santschi, 1910 C. juventa Santschi, 1926 C. kachelibæ Arnold, 1954 C. karawaiewi Menozzi, 1935 C. kasaiensis Forel, 1913 C. kelleri Forel, 1891 C. kirbii (Sykes, 1835) C. kneri Mayr, 1862 C. kohli Forel, 1909 C. kutteri Viehmeyer, 1924 C. laboriosa Smith, 1874 C. læstrygon Emery, 1869 C. læviceps Smith, 1858 C. lævis Mayr, 1878 C. lævissima Smith, 1860 C. læviuscula Mayr, 1870 C. lamottei Bernard, 1953 C. lango Weber, 1943 C. larreæ Buren, 1968 C. latuka Weber, 1943 C. laurenti Forel, 1909 C. ledouxi Soulie, 1961 C. libengensis Stitz, 1916 C. liengmei Forel, 1894 C. limata Smith, 1858 C. lineolata (Say, 1836) C. litoralis Arnold, 1955 C. lobata Emery, 1895 C. longiceps Forel, 1910 C. longiceps Santschi, 1910 C. longiclava Emery, 1893 C. longipilosa Forel, 1907 C. longispina Emery, 1890 C. lorteti Forel, 1910 C. lotti Weber, 1943 C. lucayana Wheeler, 1905 C. luctans Forel, 1907 C. lutzi Forel, 1905 M C. macracantha Creighton, 1945 C. madagascariensis Andre, 1887 C. madecassa Emery, 1895 C. magitæ Forel, 1910 C. magnifica Santschi, 1925 C. major Donisthorpe, 1941 C. manni Buren, 1968 C. margaritæ Emery, 1895 C. marioni Buren, 1968 C. marthæ Forel, 1892 C. matsumurai Forel, 1901 C. meijerei Emery, 1911 C. melanogaster Emery, 1895 C. menilekii Forel, 1894 C. mesonotalis Emery, 1911 C. microspina Menozzi, 1942 C. millardi Forel, 1902 C. mimicans Donisthorpe, 1932 C. mimosæ Santschi, 1914 C. minutissima Mayr, 1870 C. misella Arnold, 1920 C. mjobergi Forel, 1915 C. modiglianii Emery, 1900 C. montezumia Smith, 1858 C. monticola Arnold, 1920 C. moorei Donisthorpe, 1941 C. moqorensis Pisarski, 1967 C. mormonum Wheeler, 1919 C. mottazi Santschi, 1928 C. mucronata Emery, 1900 C. muralti Forel, 1910 C. mutans Buren, 1968 C. myops Forel, 1911 N-On C. natalensis Forel, 1910 C. navajoa Buren, 1968 C. nesiotis Mann, 1919 C. neuvillei Forel, 1907 C. nigeriensis Santschi, 1914 C. nigrans Forel, 1915 C. nigriceps Emery, 1897 C. nigronitens Santschi, 1917 C. nigropilosa Mayr, 1870 C. nocturna Buren, 1968 C. oasium Santschi, 1911 C. obnigra Mann, 1919 C. obscura Smith, 1857 C. obscurior Dalla Torre, 1892 C. ochracea Mayr, 1862 C. ochraceiventris Stitz, 1916 C. onusta Stitz, 1925

Op-P C. opaca Mayr, 1870 C. opaciceps Mayr, 1901 C. opuntiæ Buren, 1968 C. ornatipilis Wheeler, 1918 C. orobia Santschi, 1919 C. osakensis Forel, 1900 C. oscaris Forel, 1910 C. overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916 C. oxygynoides Santschi, 1934 C. painei Donisthorpe, 1945 C. pallida Lowne, 1865 C. pallipes Mayr, 1862 C. paolii Menozzi, 1930 C. paradoxa Emery, 1894 C. parallela Santschi, 1925 C. patei Buren, 1968 C. pauciseta Emery, 1899 C. pauli Emery, 1901 C. pellens Walker, 1859 C. perelegans Forel, 1902 C. peringueyi Emery, 1895 C. peristerica Menozzi, 1925 C. perthensis Crawley, 1922 C. peruviana (Wheeler, 1922) C. petiolidens Forel, 1916 C. phœnica Santschi, 1915 C. phœnix Santschi, 1921 C. pia Forel, 1911 C. pilosa Emery, 1895 C. polita Smith, 1865 C. politula Forel, 1902 C. polymnia Santschi, 1922 C. popohana Forel, 1912 C. præcursor Emery, 1891 C. pseudinermis Viehmeyer, 1923 C. pulchella Bernard, 1953 C. punctulata Emery, 1895 C. pusilla (Heer, 1850) C. pygmæa Forel, 1904 C. pythia Forel, 1915 Q-R C. quadriformis Roger, 1863 C. quadrispinosa Roger, 1863 C. queenslandica Forel, 1902 C. ralumensis Forel, 1901 C. ranavalonæ Forel, 1887 C. ransonneti Mayr, 1868 C. rasoherinæ Forel, 1891 C. rectinota Forel, 1913 C. recurva Emery, 1897 C. resulcata Bolton, 1995 C. retifera Santschi, 1926 C. rifelna Buren, 1968 C. rivai Emery, 1897 C. rogenhoferi Mayr, 1879 C. rogeri Emery, 1922 C. rossi Buren, 1968 C. rothneyi Mayr, 1879 C. rudis Emery, 1894 C. rufa (Jerdon, 1851) C. rufigena Arnold, 1958 C. rufotestacea Mayr, 1876 C. rugosa Andre, 1895 C. rugosior Santschi, 1910 C. ruspolii Forel, 1892 C. russoi Menozzi, 1930 C. rustica Santschi, 1935 S C. sagei Forel, 1902 C. sanguinea Roger, 1863 C. santschii Forel, 1913 C. saussurei Forel, 1899 C. scapamaris Santschi, 1922 C. scelerata Santschi, 1917 C. schencki Forel, 1891 C. schimmeri Forel, 1912 C. schmidti (Mayr, 1853) C. schultzei Forel, 1910 C. scita Forel, 1902 C. sculpturata Pergande, 1896 C. scutellaris (Olivier, 1792) C. semperi Emery, 1893 C. senegalensis Roger, 1863 C. sewellii Forel, 1891 C. similis Stitz, 1911 C. simoni Emery, 1893 C. skounensis Soulie, 1961 C. solenopsides Emery, 1899 C. solers Forel, 1910 C. sordidula (Nylander, 1849) C. sorokini Ruzsky, 1905 C. soror Forel, 1902 C. spengeli Forel, 1912 C. stadelmanni Mayr, 1895 C. steinheili Forel, 1881 C. stenocephala Emery, 1922 C. stethogompha Wheeler, 1919 C. stigmata Santschi, 1914 C. stollii Forel, 1885 C. striatula Emery, 1892 C. subcircularis Mayr, 1879 C. subdentata Mayr, 1877 C. subnuda Mayr, 1879 C. sumichrasti Mayr, 1870 T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z C. tarsata Smith, 1865 C. terminalis (Shuckard, 1838) C. tetracantha Emery, 1887 C. theta Forel, 1911 C. togœnsis Donisthorpe, 1945 C. torosa Mayr, 1870 C. transiens Forel, 1913 C. transvaalensis Forel, 1894 C. trautweini Viehmeyer, 1914 C. travancorensis Forel, 1902 C. treubi Emery, 1896 C. tumidula Emery, 1900 C. udo Forel, 1905 C. unciata Santschi, 1925 C. ustiventris Menozzi, 1935 C. vandeli Soulie, 1961 C. vandermeermohri Menozzi, 1930 C. vermiculata Emery, 1895 C. victima Smith, 1858 C. vidua Santschi, 1928 C. vitalisi Menozzi, 1925 C. vœltzkowi Forel, 1907 C. vulcania Santschi, 1913 C. walshi Forel, 1902 C. warburgi Menozzi, 1933 C. wasmanni Santschi, 1910 C. weberi Emery, 1911 C. wellmani Forel, 1909 C. werneri Mayr, 1907 C. wheeleri Mann, 1919 C. whitei Wheeler, 1915 C. wilwerthi Santschi, 1910 C. wroughtonii Forel, 1902 C. xerophila Wheeler, 1915 C. yappi Forel, 1901 C. zavattarii Menozzi, 1926 C. zonacaciæ Weber, 1943

Notes

Ce texte est issu de l'encyclopédie Wikipedia. Vous pouvez consulter sa version originale dans cette encyclopédie à l'adresse http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crematogaster.
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